Nature exploiters

Eco-evolutionary dynamics of mutualists and exploiters.

With the growing recognition of exploiters as a prominent and enduring feature of many mutualisms, there is a need to understand the ecological and evolutionary dynamics of mutualisms in the context of exploitation. Here, we model coevolution between mutualist and exploiter birth rates, using an obligate pollinating seed parasite mutualism associated with a nonpollinating exploiter as a referen...

Herbivory eliminates fitness costs of mutualism exploiters.

A common empirical observation in mutualistic interactions is the persistence of variation in partner quality and, in particular, the persistence of exploitative phenotypes. For mutualisms between hosts and symbionts, most mutualism theory assumes that exploiters always impose fitness costs on their host. We exposed legume hosts to mutualistic (nitrogen-fixing) and exploitative (non-nitrogen-fi...

Exploiters-Based Knowledge Extraction in Object-Oriented Knowledge Representation

This paper contains the consideration of knowledge extraction mechanisms of such object-oriented knowledge representation models as frames, object-oriented programming and object-oriented dynamic networks. In addition, conception of universal exploiters within object-oriented dynamic networks is also discussed. The main result of the paper is introduction of new exploitersbased knowledge extrac...

Scale for classifying organizations as explorers, exploiters or ambidextrous

This paper presents a scale developed to classify organizations through cluster analysis as being exploiters, explores, ambidextrous or with no defined orientation. The theoretical framework helps identify that the concepts associated with exploration and exploitation may be classified into six practical eywords:

Does Nature Prefer Heterocycles?